The Survivial Kit 
If you only ride on the weekends, but love to head out of town and into the deep country roads, I would suggest taking at least two spare tubes, carry a quality hand pump that can fully re-inflate your tyre to full pressure, and I’d take a multi tool and puncture repair kit. If you just like zipping along the waterfront for an hour before work…then you can most likely get away with a spare inner tube, tyre levers and a pump.

Saddle Bag
Take your time when looking at buying one of these. Decide on what size will benefit your type of riding and how much gear it needs to carry. Some have a few cool features…but at the end of the day, they just need to be secure under your saddle, not rub on the inside of your legs and look tidy. Don’t buy one too big or too small. There’s nothing worse than having stuff rattling around when riding over a bumpy road…or trying to squeeze extra gear into a tiny bag that only fits one tube!

Spare Tube
Make sure the tube you pack has the right type of valve…and most importantly, the correct size length of valve. If you have a rim on your wheel that is kind of aero…the valve has to clear this to be able to pump up from flat. A trick is to always carry long valves only….this way, they will fit any wheel and you don’t have to worry about extensions for the valves.

Make sure to keep tubes in a plastic bag to protect it. I have had the misfortune to pull one of my saddle bag in an emergency to only find it had been rubbing on something and had small holes in it!   

Pumps

The more riding you do, the better the pump you need. Basically there are three options.
1) Large frame pump that fits inside of your frame - Great performing because of the length of the stroke and air they can produce – the good models can easily pump to 100psi. The down side is if you have a small frame they get in the way of taking out drink bottles.
2) Hand Pumps – These are smaller pumps (pictured) that clip on the side of your drink bottle cage. These are good because they can be out of the way and look tidy, but they can be hard to use and difficult to get top pressure as you can’t get the leverage. Great for shorter rides – enough to get you home.
3) Air Canisters – Made for a race situation in Triathlons and Mountain biking, but have become popular because of their minimal size for roadies. They are basically very small CO2 bottles that release high pressure very quickly (3-5secs to fully inflate to 90psi). The most costly way to fix punctures and not that flash for the environment as you have to throw the cannisters away after you have used them. And you have to make sure you have fit the tube properly, because you don’t get a second chance.

Multi Tool
The tool that no one likes to carry because they’re heavy, but these can get you out of trouble. They can come in very basic forms with just Allen keys, to quite extensive models that have chain breakers and knifes on them!   

Tyre levers
Always take these with you. You will need 2-3 of these to lever your tyre off when flat. If you puncture and find you don’t have any – I have used the quick release off my wheel before, but only do this in an emergency.

Puncture Repair Kit
If you need to break into this – you are desperate! You must have already been through your new tubes and haven’t carried a cell phone!
These are patch kits that come with about six patches and glue to repair punctured tubes.

Rubber Boot
It always pays to carry a little rubber boot like this in your kit. This is a small piece of rubber that you can place inside a cut tyre before installing the new tube to get you home. 

Cash
Another good product that can save the day. You can call on this in all sorts of situations. You can Boot that cut tyre, make a SOS phone call, take a short ride in a taxi towards home...or buy a cold drink if you think you can't ride any further!